Improvement in looms



ggg l fw@ N. PETERS, PNUTGLITMDGHIFHER. WASHINGTON. Dv C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIoEQ JOHN GRAHAM, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS.

Specicaton forming part of Letters Patent No. 64,525, dated May 7, 1867.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN GRAHAM, of the city and county of New York, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and correct description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawings,'making part of this speciication, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

My improvements relate to looms for weaving tape, ribbons, and similar narrow fabrics, in which the Iilling-thread is introduced into the shed from a large spool or bobbin by a filling-thread carrier, which carries a loop of filling-thread through the shed, to be taken up by a shuttle which carries a warp or selvagethread at the opposite side of the shed from that at which the filling-thread carrier enters,

theloop of il1ingthread being interlocked and held by the shuttle-thread against the strain of the filling-thread carrier while retreating from the shed, so that a loop or double filling is left in the shed to be beaten up bythe reed.

My said invention consists in improvements whereby I have succeeded in introducing an improved mode of operation in spreading and interlocking the loop of filling-thread with the shuttle-thread, and in retracting the threadcarrier.

In carrying out my invention, I place at one side of the web a side-pointed shuttle carrying the selvage-thread and provided with a shuttle-race driver and throat for the entrance of the thread-carrier, similar to such devices in Y a sewing-machine, and connect the shuttledriver with the moving parts of the loom, so as to move the shuttle up and down, when required, as hereinafter described; and as the mode of operation of the thread-carrier I use spreads the loop of filling-thread diagonally across the shed from the side of the web to the eyeof thetilling-threadcarrier, the side-pointed shuttle is placed at some distance from the cloth-making point or extremity of the forward motion of the lay and reed in beating np the illing, andnearer to the extremity of the motion of the backward beat of the lay, which latter (the lay) is maintained in a stationary position while the filling-thread carrier crosses and retreats froln the shed. I use a straight,

. or nearly straight, eye-pointed thread-carrier,

it being a reciprocating arm of wire, perforated near the projecting end with an eye, through which the filling-thread passes from a spool 011 the loom, and an intermediate tension mechanism to the side of the web at the point of eXtreme motion of the reed in beating up the lilling.

My object being to spread the loop simply by a movement of the thread-carrier across the web, and not by the shape of the llingthread carrier, I place the tillin g-thread carrier in the loom at some distance from the clothmaking point, or point of the extreme forward motion of the lay and reed, and near to the point or limit of the back motion ot' the lay, so that the thread-carrier in moving across the shed carries the member of its loop which,

extends from its eye to the side of the web diagonally across the shed andthe shuttlerace, thus spreading the bightof the loop of filling-thread beyond and across the track of the shuttle without the projection behind the shuttle of a hook, which, when the shuttle has passed up, would have to be drawn between the heel of the shuttle and its `driver to get out. Now, it is evident that although a straight, or nearly straight, pointed fillingthread carrier is mostconvenient to use for Vthe purpose of carrying out this mode of operation, it may be hooked or bentin various forms, so that there will be room for it to go in front of the reed and yet spread the loop diagonally, as above mentioned, and without the hooked end passing behind the shuttle to be drawn back between the heel ot' the shuttle and its driver 5 but such a hook-ended llin gthread carrier would not spread the loop for the entrance of the shuttle-point by reason of its form, but would spread the loop by reason of its location or position with respect to the range of motion of the lay, the hook part having no useful effect, and compelling an enlargement of the throat by which it enters the shuttie-race in order to have it operate. I mention this to show that my invention does not depend so much on the shape of the thread-carrier as upon its location with reference to the cloth-making point and range of motion of the lay, although a straight eye-pointed fillingthread carrier, in connection with a side-pointed shuttle and the mechanism of a loom, forms a part of my said invention.

But in order to more particularly describe my invention, I will refer to the accompanying drawings, which represent its application and operation in a plain loom for weaving tape.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a plan view of a plain loom with my improvements; Fig. 2, a front elevation; Fig. 3, a rear elevation; Fig. 4, a side elevation; Fig. 5, an opposite side elevation; Fig. 6, a detached view, showing section of the lay, heddles, thread-carrier,

and a view of the selvage-shuttle, shuttlerace, and shuttle-holder in position just before the lling-thread carrier enters the shuttlerace Fig. 7, section of shuttle-race, shuttleholder, and filling-thread carrier, showing the parts in position when the loop of 'filling-thread has been spread within the race and the shuttle is entering the loop; Fig. S, a detached view, showing the position of filling-thread carrier, warp, filling-thread, and shuttle selvage thread when the illingthread carrier has moved back out of the shed and the lay is ready to beat up; Fig. 9, a detached view, showing the position of the lay and reed, lling-thread carrier, warp, illing-thread, and shuttle selvage-thread when the lay is beating up the filling; Fig. yl0, a 'vertical crosssection of shuttle race, ease, shuttle, and driver; and Fig. l1, an opposite cross-section of same parts through red line x x, Fig. 10.

The main driving-shaft b of the loom runs in suitable bearings in the loom-frame a., and is provided with tight and loose pulleys b1 b] at one end, the other end having a fly-wheel, b2, with crank-handle b3 secured to it. A pinion-wheel, b4, fast to the main shaft gears into an intermediate wheel, s, which gears into and drives the spur-wheel b5, Xed to the tappetshaft o below the main shaft.

Upon the end of the tappet-shaft projecting from the side of the loom are tappets or cams c1, which as they revolve act upon the treadles or jack-litters c2, which are vibrating levers pivoted on a stud, c3, projecting from the side of the loom, and connectedl with the heddles d l by straps or cords d1 d1, which run over the pulley-wheels d2. This is the usual mechanism for shifting the harness and holding it in position, there being a spring, d3, attached to each of the leaves of heddles below the same, to pull them down to their lowest position when the cams and jack-litters permit them t0 fall.

A frame of guides, d4, at the side of the loom guides the treadles as they are moved ,up and down by the cams and springs. Across the treadle-levers lies the projecting arm of a ratchet-lever, e, connected with the pawl and ratchet el attached to the worm-shaft e2, the

worm e3 of which gears into the worm-wheel e4 Xed to the shaft e5 of the take-up roller e6. A cam, r, on the main shaft, acting on the lever r1, which is connected by a strap, r2, to the ratchet-lever e, gives motion to the take-up mechanism. A pressure-roller, e7, lies 011 the take-up roller, being kept in place by the bracket-guide e8, attached to the front of the loom-frame.

rIhe yarn-beam e9 hangs in hangers el c depending from the back beam, a friction-bar, cl2, being held against the flan ges of the yarnbeam by the springs cl3 c14 to give the tension required to the warp.

The reed fis attached to the upright arm or lay f1, which rises from the rock-shaft f2, which is pivoted at each end on suitable center-pins in the side of the loom-frame, and is moved in one direction (backward) by a spring, f3, connected with a short arm, f4, on the roekshaft, and in the opposite direction by the cam f5 on the main shaft acting upon the long arm f6 of thc rock-shaft.

Having described themechanism of the loom for taking up and letting ott, and the mechanism for forming and shifting the shed and beating up the illing in the loom, I will proceed to describe my improvements.

By means of-a bracket, g, attached to the breast-beam of the main frame, I secure a case, h, containing a shuttle, i, shuttle-race il, and shuttle-driver li2 in a nearly-vertical position at one side of the web to be woven.

The shuttle fi resembles very much an ordinary sewing-machine shuttle, being provided with a suitable bobbin, t3, and also with small holes at the side oi the shell, through which the thread is passed to make tension ou the thread. It should, however, be larger than a sewing-machine shuttle iu order that it may carry sufficient length ot' yarn for a selvagethread for the piece of tape to be woven. This is the shu ttle selvage-thread carrier, an d the selvage-thread it carries is shown by yellow lines in the drawings. The shuttle is moved up and down, and held at rest, when required, by the rotary cam i4 fast to the main shaft b, which cam actuates the shuttle-driver through the bent lever j, which is pivoted on a stud, jl, and connects with the arm k attached to the shuttledriver by means of a bent connecting-link, jz.

A sliding plate, Z, which covers the shuttle and race, may be moved out of the way when it is necessary to put in, take out, or examine the shuttle.

An aperture or throat, m, at the side of the shuttle-race, permits the entrance of the re ciprocating thread-carrier, and there is a sufficient opening, m1, through the cover of the shuttle-race to permit the loop of needle-thread to spread from the point of the web at which it is attached diagonally across the shuttlerace as it is carried in by the thread-carrier, and this opening through the cover of the shuttle-race is also made of the shape shown in the drawings to permit the free play of the selvage-thread carried by the shuttie.

The reciprocating filling-thread carrier -n is a rod or` wire perforated near the end which passes through the shed, with an eye or suitable hole for the filling-thread to pass through. It is bent double at the rear end, for convenience of attaching it by the bolts nl nl to the sliding stock n2, which slides back and forth in the horizontal slides 'n3 of. the T-shaped bracket n4 placed at the opposite side of the web from the shuttlel selvage-thread carrier, and secured to the side frame of the loom by suitable screw-bolts a5 11.5.

The sliding stock is moved back and forth to carry the lling-thread carrier into and through the shed, and retract it therefrom between each beat ot' the lay, andV to hold it at rest during the beat of the lay, by a cam, o, fast to the main shaft, which cam acts upon the crooked lever o1, pivoted on a stud, 02, projecting inward from one side of the loom, and

4connected by a twisted link or strap, o3, with a bent lever, 04, pivoted on a stud-pin, 05, outside the frame of the loom, and connected by a link, o, to the said sliding stock ot' the reciprocatin g thread-carrier.

A spring, ol, attached at one end to the short arm ofthe bent lever o4, and at the other end to a pin above on a fixed part of the loom, operates this system of levers antagonistically to the cam, and for the purpose ot' retracting the reciprocating thread-carrier.

A plate, p, with small holes p1, for the purpose of making tension by friction on the lillin g-thread, is screwedV to the sliding stock by the bolts that also fasten the thread-carrier, and it serves as a Washer to grasp the threadcarrier and clamp it to the sliding stock.

A spool-stand, q, with spindle and threadguide, is placed upon the loom-frame, and supports a spool or bobbin containing the tillin gthread.

The spool-stand may be placed upon the sliding stock of the filling-thread carrier; but I prefer to have it stationary. In this loom the cam that moves the lay is so shaped as to permit the lay to be held at rest While the filling-thread carrier is in the shed, and the cam that operates the iilling-thread carrier so shaped that it permits the tilling-thread carrier to be held at rest when the lay beats up.

The operation ot these, my improvements, in connection with the loom, is as follows: The tillin g-thread having been drawn from the spool through the guides and passed through the eye of the filling-thread carrier, the end may at iirst be held by the hand of the operator at the side of the web until the fillingthread has passed through the shed and spread the loop Within the shuttle-race. The shuttle now moves through the loop of filling-thread, interlocking its selvage-thread (one end of which is attached to the head of the Warp at the cloth-beam) With the loop of filling-thread, and the filling-thread carrier quickly retracts, leaving the loop ot' filling-thread in the shed. The lay beats up and the harness shifts the shed, thus securing the tlliug-thread in the y Web, and as the place Where the loop of fillingthread is put in the web by the lay and reed, and held in the Warp by the shifting of the shed, is in advance of the line of motion of filling-thread carrier across the web, the tilling-thread, when next carried into the shed, crosses the shed and shuttle-race diagonally,

so that the loop is spread for the entrance of y JOHN GRAHAM.

Witnesses:

ANDW. ANDERSON, Jr., J AMES GoRToN, Jr. 

